Website References

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Sierra C, Bernal M-J, Blasco J, Martínez R, Dalmau J, et al. Prebiotic effect during the first year of life in healthy infants fed formula containing GOS as the only prebiotic: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2015; 54(1): 89–99.

Ben X-M, Li J, Feng Z-T, Shi S-Y, Lu Y-D, et al. Low level of galacto-oligosaccharide in infant formula stimulates growth of intestinal Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14(42): 6564–6568.

Fanaro S, Marten B, Bagna R, Vigi V, Fabris C, et al. Galacto-oligosaccharides are bifidogenic and safe at weaning: a double-blind randomized multicenter study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009; 48(1): 82–88.

Vulevic J, Juric A, Tzortzis G, Gibson GR. A mixture of trans–galactooligosaccharides reduces markers of metabolic syndrome and modulates the fecal microbiota and immune function of overweight adults. J Nutr 2013; 143(3): 324–331.

Davis LMG, MartÍnez I, Walter J, Hutkins R. A dose dependent impact of prebiotic galactooligosaccharides on the intestinal microbiota of healthy adults. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 144(2): 285–292.

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VITAGOS™: Elevate Your Formulations with Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS)

1. US patent US010337042B2.
2. GRAS Notice GRN 721.
3. Davis LMG, Martínez I, Walter J, Hutkins R. A dose dependent impact of prebiotic galactooligosaccharides on the intestinal microbiota of healthy adults. Int J Food Microbiol. 2010;144(2):285–292.
4. Vulevic J, Juric A, Tzortzis G, Gibson GR. A mixture of trans-galactooligosaccharides reduces markers of metabolic syndrome and modulates the fecal microbiota and immune function of overweight adults. J Nutr. 2013;143(3):324–331.
5. Whisner CM, Martin BR, Schoterman MH, Nakatsu CH, McCabe LD, et al. Galacto-oligosaccharides increase calcium absorption and gut bifidobacterial in young girls: a double-blind cross-over trial. Br J Nutr. 2013;110(7):1292–1303.
6. Zhang Y-J, Li S, Gan R-Y, Zhou T, Xu D-P, Li HB. Impacts of gut bacteria on human health and diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16:7493–7510.
7. Hidalgo-Cantabrana C, Delgado S, Ruiz L, Ruas-Madiedo P, Sánchez B, Margolles A. Bifidobacteria and their health-promoting effects. Microbiol Spectr. 2017;5(3):BAD-0010-2016. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.BAD-0010-2016.
8. Maathuis AJH, van den Heuvel EG, Schoterman MHC, Venema K. Galactooligosaccharides have a prebiotic activity in a dynamic in vitro colon model using a 13C-labeling technique. J Nutr. 2012;142(7):1205–1212.
9. Sierra C, Bernal MJ, Blasco J, Martínez R, Dalmau J, et al. Prebiotic effect during the first year of life in healthy infants fed formula containing GOS as the only prebiotic: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr. 2015;54(1):89–99.
10. van den Berg MM, Benninga MA, Di Lorenzo C. Epidemiology of childhood constipation: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101(10):2401–2409.
11. Niittynen L, Kajander K, Korpela R. Galacto-oligosaccharides and bowel function. Scand J Food Nutr. 2007;51(2):62–66. doi:10.1080/17482970701414596.
12. Macfarlane GT, Macfarlane S, Cummings JH. Prebiotics in the gastrointestinal tract. J Appl Microbiol. 2008;104(2):305–? [Please verify page range] — based on your original citation, the end page wasn’t provided.
13. Ottman N, Smidt H, de Vos WM, Belzer C. The function of our microbiota: who is out there and what do they do? Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2012;2:104.
14. Vaiserman AM, Koliada AK, Marotta F. Gut microbiota: a player in aging and a target for anti-aging intervention. Ageing Res Rev. 2017;35:36–? [Please verify page range]
15. Arrieta MC, Stiemsma LT, Amenyogbe N, Brown EM, Finlay B. The intestinal microbiome in early life: health and disease. Front Immunol. 2014;5:427.
16. Sonnenburg JL, Bäckhed F. Diet–microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism. Science. 2019;366(6464):eaaw9255.

VITAGOS™ Functional Prebiotic Solution For Pet Food Formulation

1. Kanakupt K, Vester Boler BM, Dunsford BR, Fahey GC Jr. Effects of short-chain fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides, individually and in combination, on nutrient digestibility, fecal fermentative metabolite concentrations, and large bowel microbial ecology of healthy adult cats. J Anim Sci. 2011;89(5):1376-84. doi: 10.2527/jas.2010-3201.
2. Biagi G, Cipollini I, Bonaldo A, Grandi M, Pompei A, Stefanelli C, Zaghini G. Effect of feeding a selected combination of galacto-oligosaccharides and a strain of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum on the intestinal microbiota of cats. Am J Vet Res. 2013;74(1):90-5. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.74.1.90.
3. Le Bon M, Carvell-Miller L, Marshall-Jones Z, Watson P, Amos G. A novel prebiotic fibre blend supports the gastrointestinal health of senior dogs. Animals (Basel). 2023;13(20):3291. doi: 10.3390/ani13203291.
4. Rentas MF, Pedreira RS, Perini MP, Risolia LW, Zafalon RVA, Alvarenga IC, Vendramini THA, Balieiro JCC, Pontieri CFF, Brunetto MA. Galactooligosaccharide and a prebiotic blend improve colonic health and immunity of adult dogs. PLoS One. 2020;15(8):e0238006. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238006.
5. Perini MP, Rentas MF, Pedreira R, Amaral AR, Zafalon RVA, Rodrigues RBA, Henríquez LBF, Zanini L, Vendramini THA, Balieiro JCC, Pontieri CFF, Brunetto MA. Duration of prebiotic intake is a key-factor for diet-induced modulation of immunity and fecal fermentation products in dogs. Microorganisms. 2020;8(12):1916. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8121916.

The Power of Diary Proteins

1. American Dairy Products Institute. Protein Quality Guide. 2025. Available from: www.adpi.org
2. Henchion M, Hayes M, Mullen AM, Fenelon M, Tiwari B. Future protein supply and demand: strategies and factors influencing a sustainable equilibrium. Foods. 2017;6(7):53. doi: 10.3390/foods6070053.
3. Tormási J, Czéh Á, Erdélyi M. Evaluation of protein quantity and protein nutritional quality of protein bars with different protein sources. Sci Rep. 2025;15:12743. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94072-4.
4. de Jong P, Woudstra F, van Wijk AN. Sustainability evaluation of plant-based beverages and semi-skimmed milk incorporating nutrients, market prices, and environmental costs. Sustainability. 2024;16(5):1919. doi: 10.3390/su16051919.

Milk Protein Concentrate in Drinkable Yogurts

1. Zhang S, Li Y, Ma Y, Jiang Y, Wang C. Two-stage valve homogenization enhances particle dispersion in milk protein concentrates during reconstitution and reduces heat-induced particle aggregation in resultant dispersions. Front Food Sci Technol. 2022;2:1032373. doi:10.3389/frfst.2022.1032373
2. Lee WJ, Lucey JA. Formation and physical properties of yogurt [Internet]. [cited 2025 Sep 8]. Available from: https://scispace.com/pdf/evaluating-the-effect-of-milk-protein-concentrates-mpc-5dgcgmmdxs.pdf
3. American Dairy Products Institute. Milk protein concentrate MPC80 [Internet]. [cited 2025 Sep 8]. Available from: https://adpi.org/the-powerful-list-of-dairy-ingredients/milk-protein-concentrate-mpc80/
4. Jørgensen CE, Abrahamsen RK, Rukke EO, Johansen AG, Schüller RB, Skeie SB. Processing of high-protein yoghurt–A review. Int Dairy J. 2019;88:42-59. doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.08.002
5. de Jong P, Woudstra F, van Wijk AN. Sustainability Evaluation of Plant-Based Beverages and Semi-Skimmed Milk Incorporating Nutrients, Market Prices, and Environmental Costs. Sustainability. 2024;16(5):1919. doi:10.3390/su16051919

Milk Protein Concentrate in RTDs

1. Application Monograph – US Dairy Proteins and Permeates in Ready to Drink Beverages. ThinkUSAdairy.org. Available from: www.ThinkUSAdairy.org
2. United States. eCFR :: 21 CFR 101.54 — Nutrient content claims for “good source,” “high,” “more,” and “high potency.” Available from: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-101/subpart-D/section-101.54
3. Tang Q, Roos YH, Miao S. Structure, gelation mechanism of plant proteins versus dairy proteins and evolving modification strategies. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2024;147:104464.